Optical fiber sensors. Vol.2, Systems and applications / edited by John Dakin and Brian Culshaw.
Contributor(s): Culshaw, B | Dakin, John.
Material type: BookSeries: Artech House optoelectronics library.Publisher: London : Artech House, 1989Description: xi, 799 p. : ill., charts ; 24 cm.ISBN: 0890063761.Subject(s): Optical fibers | Optical detectorsDDC classification: 621.3692Item type | Current library | Call number | Copy number | Status | Date due | Barcode | Item holds |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General Lending | MTU Bishopstown Library Lending | 621.3692 (Browse shelf(Opens below)) | 1 | Available | 00041235 |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Interferometers / D. A. Jackson and J. D. C. Jones -- Fiber-optic gyroscope / Herve C. Lefevre -- Intensity and wavelength-based sensors and optical actuators / R. E. Jones, R. S. Medlock and R. C. Spooncer -- Silicon in optical fiber sensors / Brian Culshaw -- Point sensor multiplexing principles / R. Kist -- Distributed optical fiber sensor systems / J. P. Dakin -- Chemical, biochemical and medical sensors / A. Harmer and A. Scheggi -- Physical and chemical sensors for process control / K. Kyuma -- Applications of fiber optic sensors in the aerospace and marine industries / B. Culshaw -- Some other applications for fiber optic sensors / A. J. A. Bruinsma and T. M. J. Jongeling -- The market situation / P. McGeehin.
Table of contents provided by Syndetics
- Preface (p. xiii)
- Authors' Biographies (p. xvii)
- Chapter 10 Interferometers (p. 329)
- 10.1 Introduction (p. 329)
- 10.2 General principles (p. 330)
- 10.3 Signal processing (p. 333)
- 10.3.1 Optical considerations (p. 333)
- 10.3.2 Electronic considerations (p. 348)
- 10.4 Intrinsic monomode sensors (p. 355)
- 10.4.1 Temperature (p. 355)
- 10.4.2 Acoustic pressure sensing (p. 359)
- 10.4.3 Direct and indirect sensors based on strain measurement (p. 361)
- 10.4.4 Magnetometry based on Faraday rotation (p. 365)
- 10.5 Extrinsic sensors (p. 366)
- 10.5.1 Introduction (p. 366)
- 10.5.2 Fiber properties (p. 367)
- 10.5.3 Laser velocimetry (p. 369)
- 10.5.4 Remote vibration measurement (p. 371)
- 10.5.5 Holography (p. 373)
- 10.5.6 Other applications (p. 374)
- 10.6 Conclusions (p. 375)
- References (p. 376)
- Chapter 11 Fiber-Optic Gyroscope
- 11.1 Introduction (p. 381)
- 11.2 Principle of an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (p. 382)
- 11.2.1 Sagnac effect (p. 382)
- 11.2.2 Sensitivity and single-mode reciprocity (p. 386)
- 11.2.3 Biasing modulation-demodulation scheme (p. 388)
- 11.2.4 Noise and drift (p. 391)
- 11.3 Multiple path parasitic effects (p. 392)
- 11.3.1 Backreflection and backscattering (p. 392)
- 11.3.2 Birefringence and lack of polarization filtering (p. 396)
- 11.3.3 Multiple path control with "white light" interferometry (p. 398)
- 11.4 Transient parasitic effects (p. 404)
- 11.5 Truly nonreciprocal effects (p. 405)
- 11.5.1 Magneto-optic Faraday effect (p. 405)
- 11.5.2 Nonlinear Kerr effect (p. 406)
- 11.6 Technological implementations and related performances (p. 408)
- 11.6.1 Source and sensing fiber coil (p. 408)
- 11.6.2 "Heart" of the interferometer (p. 408)
- 11.6.3 Detector (p. 413)
- 11.6.4 Open loop sensitivity (p. 416)
- 11.7 Scale factor accuracy (p. 417)
- 11.7.1 Closed loop (or phase nulling) operation (p. 417)
- 11.7.2 Wavelength control (p. 422)
- 11.8 Future domains of application (p. 424)
- 11.9 Comments about interferometric fiber gyros versus resonant fiber gyros (p. 425)
- 11.10 Conclusion (p. 425)
- References (p. 427)
- Chapter 12 Intensity and Wavelength-based Sensors and Optical Actuators
- 12.1 Introduction (p. 431)
- 12.1.1 Intensity-modulation limitations (p. 432)
- 12.1.2 Wavelength-modulation limitations (p. 434)
- 12.2 Intensity-based sensors (p. 435)
- 12.2.1 Fiber displacement and shutter-modulated sensors (p. 435)
- 12.2.2 Reflective sensors (p. 437)
- 12.2.3 Fiber loss sensors (p. 438)
- 12.2.4 Evanescent field sensors (p. 441)
- 12.2.5 Absorption and light scattering sensors (p. 442)
- 12.2.6 Digitally encoded sensors based on intensity modulation (p. 443)
- 12.2.7 Refractive index sensors (p. 443)
- 12.2.8 Other intensity sensors (p. 445)
- 12.3 Intensity referencing (p. 446)
- 12.3.1 Balanced bridge (p. 446)
- 12.3.2 Divided beam systems (p. 447)
- 12.3.3 Two-wavelength referencing (p. 448)
- 12.4 Spectrally encoded sensors (p. 449)
- 12.4.1 Optical radiation pyrometer (p. 450)
- 12.4.2 Photoluminescent (fluorescent and phosphorescent) temperature sensors (p. 451)
- 12.4.3 Temperature dependent sensors (p. 452)
- 12.4.4 Displacement monitoring using spectral filtering techniques (p. 454)
- 12.5 Hybrid sensors (p. 455)
- 12.5.1 Hybrid nonresonant systems (p. 457)
- 12.5.2 Hybrid resonant sensors (p. 461)
- 12.5.3 Resonant sensors (p. 467)
- 12.6 Optical actuation (p. 468)
- 12.7 Conclusions (p. 469)
- References (p. 470)
- Chapter 13 Silicon in Optical Fiber Sensors
- 13.1 Introduction (p. 475)
- 13.2 Mechanical and optical properties of silicon (p. 476)
- 13.2.1 Mechanical properties of silicon (p. 477)
- 13.2.2 Optical properties of silicon (p. 481)
- 13.3 Basic features of resonant transducers (p. 485)
- 13.4 Silicon micromachining (p. 491)
- 13.5 Optically energized micromechanical resonator transducers (p. 495)
- 13.6 Silicon integrated optics (p. 504)
- 13.7 Discussions and conclusions (p. 507)
- Acknowledgments (p. 508)
- References (p. 508)
- Chapter 14 Point Sensor Multiplexing Principles
- 14.1 Introduction (p. 511)
- 14.2 Generalized fiber optic sensor network (p. 514)
- 14.3 Fiber optic sensor network as an information-generating and transmitting system (p. 516)
- 14.4 Network architectures (p. 521)
- 14.4.1 Network topologies (p. 521)
- 14.4.2 Network power budget (p. 525)
- 14.4.3 Maximum number of sensors (p. 527)
- 14.5 Incoherent multiplexing (p. 531)
- 14.5.1 Spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) (p. 531)
- 14.5.2 Time-division multiplexing (TDM) (p. 535)
- 14.5.3 Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) (p. 544)
- 14.5.4 Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) (p. 548)
- 14.6 Interferometric sensor multiplexing (p. 554)
- 14.6.1 Pulse-generated-carrier (PGC) technique (p. 555)
- 14.6.2 Path-matched differential interferometry (PMDI) (p. 558)
- 14.6.3 Coherence multiplexing (CM) (p. 560)
- 14.6.4 Time-division multiplexing (p. 561)
- 14.6.5 Frequency-division multiplexing (p. 564)
- 14.7 Conclusions (p. 569)
- References (p. 570)
- Chapter 15 Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Systems
- 15.1 Introduction (p. 575)
- 15.2 Backscattered sensors using the OTDR concept (general) (p. 576)
- 15.3 Monitoring of variations in attenuation using OTDR (p. 580)
- 15.4 Variations in Rayleigh backscatter characteristics (p. 581)
- 15.5 Distributed anti-Stokes Raman thermometry (DART) (p. 584)
- 15.6 Time-domain fluorescence monitoring (p. 589)
- 15.7 The optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) technique (p. 589)
- 15.8 The transmissive FMCW method for disturbance location (p. 591)
- 15.9 Distributed sensing using amplification as a result of a counter-propagating optical pump pulse (p. 592)
- 15.10 The Sagnac ring interferometer as a distributed sensor for time-varying physical fields (p. 593)
- 15.11 Conclusions (p. 595)
- References (p. 596)
- Chapter 16 Chemical, Biochemical, and Medical Sensors
- 16.1 Introduction (p. 599)
- 16.2 Features of optical chemical sensors (p. 599)
- 16.3 Spectroscopic parameters (p. 601)
- 16.3.1 Absorption (p. 601)
- 16.3.2 Reflectance (p. 602)
- 16.3.3 Luminescence (p. 603)
- 16.3.4 Scattering (p. 603)
- 16.4 Fiber optic probes and instrumentation (p. 604)
- 16.4.1 Probe geometry (p. 605)
- 16.4.2 Twin-lightguide type (p. 605)
- 16.4.3 Surface waveguide (evanescent mode devices) (p. 607)
- 16.4.4 Single-fiber Y-coupled arrangement (p. 608)
- 16.4.5 Spectrometers (p. 609)
- 16.5 Gas spectroscopy (p. 610)
- 16.5.1 Gas absorption monitors (p. 610)
- 16.5.2 Raman spectroscopy (p. 613)
- 16.6 Refractive index and liquid-level sensors (p. 613)
- 16.7 Turbidity (or scattering) measurements (p. 616)
- 16.8 Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) sensing (p. 617)
- 16.9 Oximetry (p. 621)
- 16.9.1 Oxygen reflectance spectroscopy (p. 621)
- 16.9.2 Oxygen reagent sensor (p. 622)
- 16.10 Carbon dioxide sensing (p. 623)
- 16.11 Glucose sensor (p. 623)
- 16.12 Chemical ions (p. 624)
- 16.13 Immunological assay (p. 625)
- 16.13.1 Optical evanescent wave spectroscopy (p. 626)
- 16.13.2 Surface reaction measurement (p. 628)
- 16.13.3 Sensor probe geometry (p. 631)
- 16.13.4 Surface plasmon resonance (p. 632)
- 16.14 Physical sensors for medical applications (p. 634)
- 16.14.1 Pressure sensors (p. 636)
- 16.14.2 Blood velocity and flow (p. 637)
- 16.14.3 Temperature sensors (p. 640)
- 16.15 Conclusions (p. 645)
- References (p. 646)
- Chapter 17 Physical and Chemical Sensors for Process Control
- 17.1 Introduction (p. 653)
- 17.2 On-off sensors (p. 654)
- 17.2.1 Optical fiber interrupters (p. 654)
- 17.2.2 Optical microswitches (p. 658)
- 17.3 Temperature sensors (p. 662)
- 17.3.1 Semiconductor absorpton sensor (p. 662)
- 17.3.2 Semiconductor photoluminescence sensor (p. 663)
- 17.3.3 Phosphor sensor (p. 666)
- 17.3.4 Applications of point-contact sensors (p. 668)
- 17.3.5 Pyrometers (p. 669)
- 17.4 Image sensors (endoscope) (p. 673)
- 17.5 Mechanical sensors (p. 675)
- 17.5.1 Displacement sensor using Y-guide probes (p. 675)
- 17.5.2 Pressure sensors (p. 677)
- 17.5.3 Acceleration sensors (p. 679)
- 17.5.4 Flow sensors (p. 682)
- 17.6 Chemical sensors (p. 685)
- 17.6.1 Liquid-level sensors (p. 685)
- 17.6.2 Oil-leak sensors (p. 688)
- 17.6.3 Gas sensors (p. 688)
- 17.7 Optical fiber sensor system (p. 692)
- 17.8 Conclusion (p. 695)
- References (p. 695)
- Chapter 18 Applications of Fiber Optic Sensors in the Aerospace and Marine Industries
- 18.1 Introduction (p. 701)
- 18.2 Aerospace instrumentation (p. 702)
- 18.2.1 Flight control systems (p. 704)
- 18.2.2 Navigational instrumentation and gyroscopes (p. 709)
- 18.2.3 Gas turbine engine monitoring and testing (p. 710)
- 18.2.4 Testing of advanced aerospace materials (p. 712)
- 18.3 Marine applications (p. 716)
- 18.4 Sensor systems (p. 718)
- 18.5 Discussion and conclusions (p. 718)
- References (p. 719)
- Chapter 19 Some Other Applications for Fiber Optic Sensors
- 19.1 Introduction (p. 721)
- 19.2 Security and safety systems (p. 722)
- 19.2.1 Introduction (p. 722)
- 19.2.2 Fire and smoke detection (p. 723)
- 19.2.3 Intrusion detection and contact sensing (p. 725)
- 19.3 Monitoring the integrity of structures (p. 727)
- 19.3.1 Introduction (p. 727)
- 19.3.2 Crack detection (p. 729)
- 19.3.3 Strain measurement (p. 733)
- 19.3.4 Acoustic emission detection (p. 738)
- 19.4 Noncontact measurement and inspection (p. 739)
- 19.4.1 Introduction (p. 739)
- 19.4.2 Laser velocity and vibration measurement (p. 740)
- 19.4.3 Generation and detection of ultrasound for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) (p. 742)
- 19.5 Sensors for the electrical power industry (p. 745)
- 19.5.1 Introduction (p. 745)
- 19.5.2 Current sensors (p. 746)
- 19.5.3 Magnetic field sensors (p. 752)
- 19.5.4 Voltage sensors (p. 753)
- 19.5.5 Fault-locating systems (p. 756)
- 19.5.6 Temperature sensors (p. 758)
- 19.6 Conclusions related to market situation (p. 759)
- References (p. 761)
- Chapter 20 The Market Situation
- 20.1 Introduction (p. 767)
- 20.2 Market considerations (p. 768)
- 20.3 The research and development market (p. 770)
- 20.3.1 Sensors research and development in context (p. 770)
- 20.3.2 World research and development activity (p. 772)
- 20.3.3 Overview of UK research and development activity (p. 774)
- 20.3.4 Micromachined silicon devices (p. 777)
- 20.4 The commercial market (p. 778)
- 20.5 Conclusions (p. 780)
- Appendix (p. 783)
- Index (p. 789)