Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications Edmond De Hoffmann Jean Charette Vincent Stroobant Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium Mass spectrometry is a technique widely used throughout science for the identification of compounds, by producing, separating and detecting ions in the gas phase. A complete overview of the principles, theories and key applications of modern mass spectrometry are presented in this carefully structured text. All instrumental aspects of mass spectrometry are clearly and concisely described; sources, analysers and detectors. Tandem mass spectrometry is introduced early, and then developed in more detail in its own chapter. Emphasis is placed throughout the text on optimal utilization conditions. Various fragmentation patterns are described, along with the analytical information that derives from the mass spectra. The importance of applications is recognized, and this theme runs throughout the book, along with an entire chapter devoted to the analysis of biomolecules. Numerous examples and illustrations feature throughout, along with a series of exercises of increasing difficulty that help students fully to understand the subject. References to the original literature are provided for the reader who wants more detailed information, along with a list of books for further reading. Mass Spectrometry will be invaluable to undergraduates and postgraduates using this technique in departments of chemistry, biochemistry, medicine, pharmacology, agriculture and food science. It will also appeal to researchers looking for an introduction to this important technique. The authors . have chosen a level of presentation that will be useful to . students as a text and valuable to practitioners as a handbook. They have produced an entirely modern treatment which seems to be just right in its coverage of the underlying physical principles, the instrumentation and techniques, and the applications. They have taken the trouble to give their readers clear, well-chosen figures. The text is comprehensive without being encyclopaedic and should be very readable by people in a variety of disciplines. The weight given to modern biological applications is one of the strong points of the book; these are discussed in the context of the underlying chemistry. Professor R. Graham Cooks, Purdue University, USA This book provides an excellent coverage of all the main aspects of modern mass spectrometry. As such it will be a valuable text for students throughout all stages of their training - from first year BSc to final year PhD. Professor John Todd, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

• Preface (p. xi)
• Introduction (p. 1)
• Principles (p. 1)
• Diagram of a Mass Spectrometer (p. 3)
• History (p. 4)
• Ion Free Path (p. 8)
• References (p. 9)
• 1 Ion Sources (p. 11)
• 1.1 Electron Ionization (p. 11)
• 1.2 Chemical Ionization (p. 14)
• 1.2.1 Proton transfer (p. 16)
• 1.2.2 Adduct formation (p. 16)
• 1.2.3 Charge-transfer chemical ionization (p. 18)
• 1.2.4 Reagent gas (p. 19)
• 1.2.5 Negative ion formation (p. 23)
• 1.2.6 Desorption chemical ionization (DCI) (p. 24)
• 1.3 Fast Atom/Ion Bombardment and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (p. 25)
• 1.4 Field Desorption (p. 28)
• 1.5 Plasma Desorption (p. 28)
• 1.6 Laser Desorption and Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (p. 28)
• 1.6.1 Principle of MALDI (p. 29)
• 1.6.2 Practical considerations (p. 30)
• 1.6.3 Fragmentations (p. 32)
• 1.7 Thermospray (p. 32)
• 1.8 Electrospray (p. 33)
• 1.8.1 Multiply charged ions (p. 37)
• 1.8.2 Electrochemistry and electric field as origins of multiply charged ions (p. 39)
• 1.8.3 Sensitivity to concentration (p. 41)
• 1.8.4 Limitation of ion current from the source by the electrochemical process (p. 42)
• 1.8.5 Practical considerations (p. 44)
• 1.9 Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (p. 45)
• 1.10 Inorganic Ionization Sources (p. 47)
• 1.10.1 Thermal ionization source (p. 48)
• 1.10.2 Spark source (p. 50)
• 1.10.3 Glow discharge source (p. 51)
• 1.10.4 Inductively coupled plasma source (p. 52)
• 1.10.5 Practical considerations (p. 54)
• 1.11 Gas-phase Ion-Molecule Reactions (p. 55)
• 1.12 References (p. 59)
• 2 Mass Analyzers (p. 63)
• 2.1 Quadrupolar Analyzers (p. 65)
• 2.1.1 Description (p. 65)
• 2.1.2 Equations of motion (p. 66)
• 2.1.3 Spectrometers with several quadrupoles in tandem (p. 71)
• 2.2 The Quadrupole Ion Trap or Quistor (p. 72)
• 2.2.1 General principle (p. 72)
• 2.2.2 Theory of the ion trap (p. 74)
• 2.2.3 Injection or production of ions in the trap (p. 78)
• 2.2.4 Mass analysis of ions in a trap (p. 79)
• 2.2.5 Mass analysis by ion ejection at the stability limit (p. 80)
• 2.2.6 Mass analysis by resonant ejection (p. 82)
• 2.2.7 Tandem mass spectrometry in the ion trap (p. 83)
• 2.2.8 Space charge effect (p. 89)
• 2.3 Time-of-flight Analyzers (p. 89)
• 2.3.1 Linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer (p. 90)
• 2.3.2 Delayed pulsed extraction (p. 92)
• 2.3.3 Reflectrons (p. 94)
• 2.3.4 Tandem mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analyzer (p. 95)
• 2.3.5 Coupling time-of-flight analyzer with continuous ionization (p. 99)
• 2.4 Magnetic and Electromagnetic Analyzers (p. 100)
• 2.4.1 Action of the magnetic field (p. 100)
• 2.4.2 Electrostatic field (p. 101)
• 2.4.3 Dispersion and resolution (p. 102)
• 2.4.4 Practical considerations (p. 104)
• 2.4.5 Tandem mass spectrometry in electromagnetic analyzers (p. 106)
• 2.5 Ion Cyclotron Resonance and Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (p. 115)
• 2.5.1 General principle (p. 115)
• 2.5.2 Ion cyclotron resonance (p. 117)
• 2.5.3 Fourier transform mass spectrometry (p. 117)
• 2.5.4 MS[superscript n] in ICR/FTMS instruments (p. 121)
• 2.6 Hybrid Instruments (p. 123)
• 2.7 Detectors and Computers (p. 125)
• 2.7.1 Detectors (p. 125)
• 2.7.2 Computers (p. 128)
• 2.8 References (p. 131)
• 3 Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) (p. 133)
• 3.1 Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Space or in Time (p. 133)
• 3.2 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Scan Modes (p. 136)
• 3.3 Collision-activated or Collission-induced Decomposition (CAD or CID) (p. 139)
• 3.3.1 Collision energy conversion to internal energy (p. 140)
• 3.3.2 High-energy collision (keV) (p. 142)
• 3.3.3 Low-energy collision (between 1 and 100 eV) (p. 143)
• 3.4 Reactions Studied in MS/MS (p. 144)
• 3.5 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Applications (p. 147)
• 3.5.1 Structure elucidation (p. 147)
• 3.5.2 Selective detection of target compound class (p. 149)
• 3.5.3 Ion-molecule reaction (p. 153)
• 3.6 References (p. 154)
• 4 Mass Spectrometry/Chromatography Coupling (p. 157)
• 4.1 Elution Chromatography Coupling Techniques (p. 159)
• 4.1.1 Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (p. 159)
• 4.1.2 High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) (p. 161)
• 4.1.3 Capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS) (p. 167)
• 4.2 Chromatography Data Acquisition Modes (p. 168)
• 4.3 Data Recording and Treatment (p. 170)
• 4.3.1 Data recording (p. 170)
• 4.3.2 Instrument control and treatment of results (p. 172)
• 4.4 References (p. 180)
• 5 Analytical Information (p. 183)
• 5.1 Mass Spectrometry Spectral Collections (p. 183)
• 5.2 High Resolution (p. 185)
• 5.3 Isotopic Abundance (p. 186)
• 5.4 Low-mass Fragments and Neutrals (p. 192)
• 5.5 Number of Rings or Unsaturations (p. 192)
• 5.6 Mass and Electron Parities, Closed-shell Ions and Open-shell Ions (p. 193)
• 5.6.1 Electron parity (p. 193)
• 5.6.2 Mass parity (p. 194)
• 5.6.3 Relationship between mass and electron parity (p. 194)
• 5.7 Quantitative Data (p. 196)
• 5.7.1 Specificity (p. 196)
• 5.7.2 Sensitivity and detection limit (p. 197)
• 5.7.3 External standard method (p. 199)
• 5.7.4 Sources of error (p. 201)
• 5.7.5 Internal standard method (p. 201)
• 5.7.6 Isotopic dilution method (p. 203)
• 5.8 References (p. 205)
• 6 Fragmentation Reactions (p. 207)
• 6.1 Electron Ionization and Fragmentation Rates (p. 207)
• 6.2 Quasi-equilibrium and RRKM Theories (p. 209)
• 6.3 Ionization and Appearance Energies (p. 213)
• 6.4 Fragmentation Reactions of Positive Ions (p. 214)
• 6.4.1 Fragmentation of odd-electron cations or radical cations (OE[superscript .+]) (p. 214)
• 6.4.2 Fragmentation of cations with an even number of electrons (EE[superscript +]) (p. 221)
• 6.4.3 Fragmentations obeying the parity rule (p. 223)
• 6.4.4 Fragmentations not obeying the parity rule (p. 226)
• 6.5 Fragmentation Reactions of Negative Ions (p. 226)
• 6.5.1 Fragmentation mechanisms of even-electron anions (EE[superscript -]) (p. 227)
• 6.5.2 Fragmentation mechanisms of radical anions (OE[superscript .-]) (p. 228)
• 6.6 Charge Remote Fragmentation (CRF) (p. 228)
• 6.7 Spectrum Interpretation (p. 229)
• 6.7.1 Typical ions (p. 230)
• 6.7.2 Presence of the molecular ion (p. 231)
• 6.7.3 Typical neutrals (p. 231)
• 6.7.4 A few examples of the interpretation of mass spectra (p. 233)
• 6.8 References (p. 237)
• 7 Analysis of Biomolecules (p. 239)
• 7.1 Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry (p. 239)
• 7.2 Proteins and Peptides (p. 240)
• 7.2.1 Fast atom bombardment (FAB), ESI and MALDI (p. 241)
• 7.2.2 Structure and sequence determination using fragmentation (p. 244)
• 7.2.3 Applications (p. 255)
• 7.3 Oligonucleotides (p. 276)
• 7.3.1 Mass spectra of oligonucleotides (p. 277)
• 7.3.2 Applications of mass spectrometry to oligonucleotides (p. 281)
• 7.3.3 Fragmentation of oligonucleotides (p. 285)
• 7.3.4 Characterization of modified oligonucleotides (p. 289)
• 7.4 Oligosaccharides (p. 292)
• 7.4.1 Mass spectra of oligosaccharides (p. 292)
• 7.4.2 Fragmentation of oligosaccharides (p. 295)
• 7.4.3 Degradation of oligosaccharides coupled with mass spectrometry (p. 301)
• 7.5 Lipids (p. 307)
• 7.5.1 Fatty acids (p. 307)
• 7.5.2 Acylglycerols (p. 313)
• 7.5.3 Bile acids (p. 315)
• 7.6 References (p. 320)
• 8 Exercises (p. 329)
• Questions (p. 329)
• Answers (p. 340)
• Appendices (p. 361)
• 1 Nomenclature (p. 361)
• Units (p. 361)
• Definitions (p. 361)
• Analyzers (p. 362)
• Detection (p. 363)
• Ionization (p. 363)
• Ion types (p. 364)
• Ion-molecule reaction (p. 365)
• Fragmentation (p. 365)
• 2 Abbreviations (p. 365)
• 3 Fundamental Physical Constants (p. 368)
• 4A Table of Isotopes in Ascending Mass Order (p. 369)
• 4B Table of Isotopes in Alphabetical Order (p. 374)
• 5 Isotopic Abundances (in %) for Various Elemental Compositions CHON (M = 100%) (p. 379)
• 6 Gas-phase Ion Thermochemical Data of Molecules (p. 389)
• 7 Gas-phase Ion Thermochemical Data of Radicals (p. 392)
• 8 Literature on Mass Spectrometry (p. 393)
• Literature on Mass Spectrometry (p. 393)
• Journals devoted only to mass spectrometry (p. 393)
• Journals containing substantial papers on mass spectrometry (not exhaustive) (p. 393)
• Abstracting journals devoted only to mass spectrometry (p. 393)
• The most important periodicals on mass spectrometry (p. 393)
• Some useful mass spectrometry books (p. 394)
• 9 Mass Spectrometry on the Internet (p. 398)
• WWW sites for national and international mass spectrometry societies (p. 398)
• WWW sites for mass spectrometry journals (p. 399)
• WWW sites for useful mass spectrometry databases (p. 400)
• Index (p. 401)

Reviews provided by Syndetics

CHOICE Review

Well-written books by experts in the field with good illustrations and examples are hard to find. If one could bundle three such books, a 250-page book on mass spectrometry instrumentation, a 100-page book on the analysis of biomolecules, and a 60-page primer on mass spectral interpretation, that would be this new edition (1st ed., CH, Nov'97, 35-1527) by Hoffmann (Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium) and Stroobant (Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels). With a good collection of references for each chapter, pages of exercises with solutions, and useful appendixes giving nomenclature, the literature of the field, and many tables of thermochemical data and constants, this is a great book for everyone in the field to keep handy. This reviewer has chosen the earlier edition in the past as a course resource with which to teach, because it was well written, contained many examples, and offered information presented by experts who appreciate the nuances of the field. Although there have not been dramatic changes since the previous edition, it is still a first-rate book. Summing Up: Highly recommended. General readers; upper-division undergraduates through professionals. J. Allison College of New Jersey