CRC handbook of materials science. Vol. III, Nonmetallic materials and applications / edited by Charles T. Lynch.

Contributor(s): Lynch, Charles T .

Material type: materialTypeLabel

BookPublisher: Florida : CRC Press, c1975 (second printing 1985)Description: 642 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. + hbk.ISBN: 0849302331 ; 0849302307 ; 0878192336 ; 0878192344 .Subject(s): Nonmetallic materials

| Biomedical materials

| Nuclear engineering -- Materials | Electronics -- Materials

| Graphite

| Carbon

DDC classification: 620.112

Holdings
Item type	Current library	Call number	Copy number	Status	Date due	Barcode	Item holds
General Lending	MTU Bishopstown Library Store Item	620.112 (Browse shelf(Opens below))	1	Available		00023783

Total holds: 0

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

Significant advances in DNA analysis techniques have surfaced since the 1997 publication of the bestselling An Introduction to Forensic DNA Analysis. DNA typing has become increasingly automated and miniaturized. Also, with the advent of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) technology, even the most minute sample of degraded DNA can yield a profile, providing valuable case information. However, just as the judicial system slowly and reluctantly accepted RFLP and AmpliType® PM+DQA1 typing, it is now scrutinizing the admissibility of STRs.

Acknowledging STR typing as the current system of choice, An Introduction to Forensic DNA Analysis, Second Edition translates new and established concepts into plain English so that laypeople can gain insight into how DNA analysis works, from sample collection to interpretation of results. In response to the shift toward more efficient techniques, the authors cover the legal admissibility of STR typing, expand the chapter on DNA databases, and revise the section on automated analysis. They also present key decisions and appellate or supreme court rulings that provide precedent at the state and federal levels.

Discussing forensic DNA issues from both a scientific and a legal perspective, the authors of An Introduction to Forensic DNA Analysis, Second Edition present the material in a manner understandable by professionals in the legal system, law enforcement, and forensic science. They cover general principles in a clear fashion and include a glossary of terms and other useful appendices for easy reference.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

1 The Nature of Physical Evidence (p. 1)
I. Science and the Law (p. 1)
II. Principles and Processes of Criminalistics (p. 2)
A. The Principles (p. 2)
B. The Processes (p. 4)
1. Identification (p. 4)
2. Classification and Individualization (p. 4)
3. Association (p. 6)
4. Reconstruction (p. 7)
III. Fingerprints and DNA (p. 7)
IV. Conventional Blood Typing (p. 8)
2 The Collection and Preservation of Physical Evidence (p. 13)
I. Extraneous Substances (p. 14)
II. Collection of Evidence (p. 15)
III. Preservation of Evidence (p. 16)
IV. Evaluation of Evidence (p. 16)
A. RFLP (p. 17)
B. PCR (p. 17)
3 A Short History of DNA Typing (p. 21)
4 The Scientific Basis of DNA Typing (p. 33)
I. Why DNA? (p. 33)
II. An Introduction to Human Genetics (p. 33)
A. The Physical Basis of Heredity (p. 34)
B. Alleles: Variations on a Theme (p. 34)
C. Population Genetics (p. 36)
III. An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of DNA (p. 37)
IV. Two Kinds of Variation (p. 38)
V. Enzymes: The Workhorses of the Biological World (p. 39)
5 An Overview of Forensic DNA Typing Systems (p. 41)
I. RELP Analysis (p. 41)
II. PCR Amplification (p. 42)
A. HLA DQ[alpha]/HLA DQA1 (p. 43)
B. AmpliType PM (p. 48)
C. D1S80 (p. 49)
D. STRs (p. 50)
E. Gender Identification (p. 52)
F. Y-STRs (p. 53)
G. Mitochondrial DNA (p. 56)
III. What Kinds of Samples Can be Analyzed? (p. 61)
IV. How Much Sample Do You Need? (p. 61)
6 Procedures for Forensic DNA Analysis (p. 65)
I. Isolation of DNA (p. 65)
A. Chelex Extraction (p. 65)
B. QiaAmp Extraction (p. 67)
C. Organic Extraction (p. 68)
D. Differential Extraction (p. 68)
II. Determining the Quality and Quantity of DNA (p. 69)
A. Determination of Quantity (p. 69)
B. Determination of Quality (p. 70)
III. RFLP Analysis (p. 71)
IV. PCR Amplification (p. 76)
V. Analysis of PCR Product (p. 77)
A. Sequence Polymorphisms (p. 78)
1. AmpliType PM+DQA1 (p. 78)
2. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (p. 79)
B. Length Polymorphisms (D1S80, STRs, Gender ID) (p. 83)
VI. Automated Analysis Systems (p. 87)
A. Automated DNA Extraction and Amplification (p. 89)
1. Liquid Blood Transfer (p. 89)
2. DNA Extraction (p. 89)
3. Quantitation (p. 89)
4. Amplification (p. 89)
5. Robot Issues (p. 90)
B. Summary of Automated Procedures (p. 90)
7 Interpretation of DNA Typing Results (p. 97)
I. Complicating Factors (p. 97)
A. Multiple Contributors (p. 97)
1. Sexual Assault Evidence (p. 98)
2. Non-sexual Assault Mixtures (p. 98)
B. Degradation (p. 103)
C. Extraneous Substances (p. 103)
1. Chemical Inhibition of Enzymes (p. 104)
2. Non-human DNA (p. 104)
II. System-Specific Interpretational Issues (p. 105)
A. RFLP (p. 105)
1. Multi-(More Than Two) Banded Patterns (p. 105)
2. Single-Banded Patterns (p. 110)
3. Summary of RFLP Interpretational Issues (p. 113)
B. PCR Systems (p. 114)
1. Nuclear DNA (p. 114)
2. Mitochondrial DNA (p. 127)
3. Summary of PCR Systems Interpretational Issues (p. 131)
III. Summary of DNA Interpretation Issues (p. 131)
8 Assessing the Strength of the Evidence (p. 139)
I. Determination of Genetic Concordance (p. 139)
A. Continuous Allele Systems (p. 140)
B. Discrete Allele Systems (p. 141)
II. Evaluation of Results (p. 142)
III. Frequency Estimate Calculations (p. 142)
IV. Population Substructure (p. 144)
A. Estimating Frequencies (p. 145)
1. Continuous Allele Systems (RFLP) (p. 145)
2. Discrete Allele Systems (all PCR systems) (p. 146)
3. Correction Factors (p. 146)
4. Relatives (p. 146)
5. Counting Method (p. 147)
6. Error Rates (p. 147)
V. Likelihood Ratios (p. 147)
A. What Is the Question? (p. 147)
B. Complex Evidence (p. 149)
1. Mixtures (p. 149)
C. Articulating the Hypothesis (p. 150)
VI. When Is a DNA Profile Unique (p. 150)
9 The DNA Databank (p. 157)
I. Premise of a Databank (p. 157)
II. The Difference Between a Databank and a Database (p. 157)
III. Elements of a Successful Databank (p. 158)
A. Legislation (p. 158)
B. Collection of Samples (p. 158)
1. Offenders (p. 158)
2. Cases (p. 160)
C. Analysis of Samples (p. 161)
1. Choice of Markers (p. 161)
2. Offenders (p. 163)
3. Cases (p. 164)
D. Transforming Analyzed Data into a Database (p. 164)
1. The Computer Program (p. 164)
2. Communication Between Laboratories (p. 165)
3. Privacy (p. 165)
4. Flow of Offender Data into the Databank (p. 166)
5. Import of Profiles into the Database (p. 167)
6. Categories and Indexes (p. 167)
7. Searching Profiles (p. 168)
8. Confirmation of a Match (p. 170)
9. United States Statistics (p. 172)
IV. Summary (p. 172)
10 Quality Assurance (p. 175)
I. Certification and Accreditation (p. 175)
A. Certification (p. 175)
B. Accreditation (p. 175)
II. SWDAM (Formerly TWGDAM) (p. 176)
III. NRC I and II (p. 176)
A. NRC I (p. 177)
B. NRC II (p. 179)
IV. Federal DNA Advisory Board (p. 180)
11 Admissibility Standards: Science on Trial in the Courtroom (p. 183)
I. Frye, Daubert, and the Federal Rules of Evidence (p. 183)
A. The Frye Standard (p. 183)
B. The Federal Rules of Evidence (p. 184)
C. The Daubert Standard (p. 185)
D. Past Admissibility (p. 186)
II. DNA: Some Landmark Cases (p. 186)
A. RFLP (p. 186)
B. PCR: DQ[alpha]/A1, Polymarker, D1S80 (p. 190)
C. PCR: STRs (p. 192)
D. Mitochondrial DNA (p. 195)
III. The State of the Debate (p. 195)
12 Epilogue (p. 201)
Appendix A Glossary (p. 203)
Appendix B Key Phrases (p. 217)
Appendix C Assessment Tools (p. 219)
Appendix D Chromosomal Locations (p. 223)
Appendix E Profile Frequency Calculation (p. 225)
Appendix F Likelihood Ratio and Probability of Exclusion (p. 231)
Appendix G DAB 98 (p. 233)
Appendix H DAB Statistics (p. 245)
Appendix I NRC I, II (p. 253)
Appendix J DNA Statutes (p. 263)
Appendix K DNA Decision Summary (p. 271)
Appendix L List STR decisions (p. 273)
Appendix M Internet Resources (p. 277)
Index (p. 279)

Reviews provided by Syndetics

CHOICE Review

Many know little or nothing about DNA typing but want to learn without being overwhelmed by jargon and technical details. This book, in just a few pages, offers fundamental theory, processes, interpretation, and presentation of DNA evidence in court in an interesting and entertaining way, with illustrative cases liberally sprinkled throughout. This new edition (1st, CH, Nov'97) emphasizes the latest methods in crime lab DNA analysis. The watchword for this book is "concise." Some chapters are short but crammed with useful and, more importantly, understandable information. Chapters discuss the nature, collection, and preservation of physical evidence, emphasizing evidence containing DNA; offer a short history of DNA typing; introduce genetics and how variations in DNA lead to subdivisions of a population; discuss various kinds of DNA typing and procedures followed to arrive at a final result; and discuss the complicated topics of interpreting and assessing DNA evidence. Later chapters discuss DNA databanks and issues such as privacy and statistics; treat the very important topics of quality assurance and control, including descriptions of various organizations that have played, and continue to play, a role in developing and maintaining proper practices in DNA typing; and present the law of evidence and the standards of admissibility of DNA evidence, with some landmark cases. Glossary; Internet resources. An ideal book. All levels. J. A. Siegel Michigan State University